Criteria: Every particle of milk shall be held for the minimum legal hold time in both the forward and diverted flow positions. Apparatus: Tape Measure. Method: Determine the efficiency factor using the Reynolds number for water and all products to be processed at the maximum flow rate. Also determine flow rate ratio (product:water). Use the smallest efficiency factor and the determined flow rate ratio to calculate the required holding tube length. Procedure: Determine the inside diameter in meters of the holding tube (Table 1). Calculate the velocity of the product using the following equation: V = F/A Where: V = Velocity (m/s). F = Flow rate (liters/hr or liters/sec or m3/s). A = Area (m2) Table 1 - Holding Tube Dimensions Outside Diameter Inside Diameter (d) Table note 1 Area (a) Volume (q) in. cm in. ft cm ft...